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Economics is all about choices. We cannot buy everything we want. We must choose what we need first, like food and clothes.

We can represent our money choices with math. If you have 10 dollars and buy a toy for 6 dollars, you can subtract to find what is left.
We also use multiplication for bigger choices. If you save 5 dollars every week for 3 weeks, you can multiply to find the total.
✏️ Worked example
Sam wants to buy a book for $8 and a game for $12. He has one $20 bill. Does he have enough money?
- First, find the total cost of the items. We add the book and the game: $8 + $12.
- Next, solve the addition. $8 + $12 = $20 total cost.
- Then, compare the total cost to Sam's money. Sam has $20.
- Since $20 is equal to $20, Sam has exactly enough money to buy both!

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