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Three branches of government

Grade 8 · Social Studies · Free lesson

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Our government is split into three parts, or branches. This stops any single group from getting too much power.

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The Legislative branch makes laws, while the Executive branch carries them out. The Judicial branch explains what the laws mean.

Legislative Makes Laws Executive Enforces Laws Judicial Interprets Laws

The Judicial branch has a special power called judicial review. This power started in 1803 with a famous Supreme Court case called Marbury v. Madison.

Judicial Review Origin Marbury v. Madison (1803)
✏️ Worked example

Read the text below. Explain the author's purpose and main message. Then, identify the origin of judicial review. Text: 'In 1803, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled on Marbury v. Madison. He stated that the Constitution is the supreme law. Therefore, the Supreme Court must strike down any law that goes against it. This decision created judicial review, which keeps our democracy safe.'

  1. Find the author's purpose. The author wrote this to explain how judicial review started and why it matters.
  2. Find the main message. The message is that the Supreme Court protects the Constitution by checking the other branches.
  3. Identify the origin of judicial review. The text states it started with the Marbury v. Madison case in 1803.
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